Jump to content

World Press Freedom Index

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

2026 World Press Freedom Index[1]
  Good: >85 points
  Satisfactory: 70–85 points
  Problematic: 55–70 points
  Difficult: 40–55 points
  Very serious: <40 points
  Not classified

The World Press Freedom Index (WPFI) is an annual ranking of 180 countries compiled and published by Reporters Without Borders (RSF) since 2002 based upon the assessment of the non-governmental organization as well as surveys of professionals around the world, of the countries' press freedom records in the previous year.[2][3][4] It intends to reflect the degree of freedom that journalists, news organizations, and netizens have in each country, and the efforts made by authorities to respect this freedom.[3]

Methodology

[edit]

The WPFI is based on a questionnaire for all categories except safety, which RSF monitors.[3] The questionnaire is sent to partner organizations, correspondents, researchers and human rights experts who are all evaluating the country in which they live.[3] As of 2013, that included 18 freedom of expression non-governmental organizations located in five continents, its 150 correspondents around the world and journalists, researchers, jurists and human rights activists.[2]

The methodology from 2013 to 2021[5] used seven general criteria: pluralism (measures the degree of representation of opinions in the media space), media independence, environment and self-censorship, legislative framework, transparency, infrastructure, and abuses.[6] In 2013, Reporters Without Borders said that the WPFI only deals with press freedom and does not measure the quality of journalism in the countries it assesses.[2]

Starting in 2022, the qualitative survey was updated to reflect needs in a more digital era and was first combined with a quantitative score press freedom incidents.[7] The scores are evaluated against five distinct categories: political context, legal framework, economic context, sociocultural context and safety.[8][4]

Political context

[edit]

This category aims to evaluate the autonomy of media and the degree of support to the media to keep government and officials accountable.[citation needed]

[edit]

The questionnaire takes account of the legal framework for the media (including penalties for press offences, the existence of a state monopoly for certain kinds of media and how the media are regulated) and the level of independence of the public media. It also includes violations of the free flow of information on the Internet.[citation needed]

Economic context

[edit]

This category aims to evaluate economic constraints put on the press by carrying out its mission. This includes loss of public financing, concentration of media ownership, and pressure from advertisers, donors or owners.[9][10]

Sociocultural context

[edit]

This category aims to evaluate the social and cultural constraints put on journalists to self-censor against covering specific issues because it would be in opposition to the predominant culture of a country.[11]

Safety

[edit]

RSF uses its global monitoring of the safety of journalists to score this category.[3][12][13] This category aims to evaluate journalists' safety in disseminating news without the risk of bodily harm, psychological or emotional distress or professional harm.[citation needed]

Violence against journalists, netizens, and media assistants, including abuses attributable to the state, armed militias, clandestine organizations or pressure groups, are monitored by RSF staff during the year and are also part of the final score. A higher score on the report corresponds to greater freedom of the press as reported by the organization.[citation needed]

Rankings and scores by country or places

[edit]

180 countries are ranked on a scale from 0–100 points.[4][14][15][16]

Analysis

[edit]

Between 2002–2014, a study found that the ratings became more similar to the press freedom ratings by Freedom House and that more data became available to make ratings more precise. The authors also found a significant correlation with the United Nations Human Development Index scores.[24] As of 2026, South Africa had been outperforming peer countries due to its robust civil society.[25]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Index 2026 – Global score". Reporters Without Borders. Retrieved 1 May 2026.
  2. ^ a b c How the index was compiled Archived 19 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Reporters Without Borders, 2013
  3. ^ a b c d e "The Press Freedom Index by Reporters Without Borders". Deutsche Welle. 11 February 2015. Retrieved 16 August 2025.
  4. ^ a b c Allsop, Jon (7 May 2024). "The state of global press freedom in 10 numbers". Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved 16 August 2025.
  5. ^ Tobitt, Charlotte (20 April 2021). "World Press Freedom Index 2021: 'Dramatic deterioration' in access to information during Covid-19 pandemic". Press Gazette. Retrieved 28 April 2026.
  6. ^ 2022 World Press Freedom Index, Methodology Archived 7 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine Reporters Without Borders, 2022
  7. ^ Tobitt, Charlotte (3 May 2022). "World Press Freedom Index 2022: RSF warns spreading 'Fox News-isation' has amplified polarisation". Press Gazette. Retrieved 28 April 2026.
  8. ^ Fischer, Sara (2 May 2025). "U.S. press freedom falls to historical low". Axios. Retrieved 16 August 2025.
  9. ^ "Reporters Without Borders: Global Press Freedom at Unprecedented, Critical Low". Global Investigative Journalism Network. 2025. Retrieved 16 August 2025.
  10. ^ Maher, Bron (3 May 2024). "RSF Press Freedom Index 2024: UK and US scores hit by widespread job cuts". Press Gazette. Retrieved 28 April 2026.
  11. ^ Szpacenkopf, Marta (2 May 2025). "Press freedom is eroding in Latin America as the financial viability of independent news outlets grows increasingly uncertain". LatAm Journalism Review by the Knight Center. Retrieved 28 April 2026.
  12. ^ Acosta, Carmen Molina (3 May 2024). "Press freedom under fire as political pressure on journalists intensifies worldwide, rankings reveal - ICIJ". Retrieved 28 April 2026.
  13. ^ Unlimited, Free Press (3 May 2022). "The Netherlands falls to its lowest ever position on the World Press Freedom Index | Free Press Unlimited". www.freepressunlimited.org. Retrieved 28 April 2026.
  14. ^ "Press Freedom Index warns disinformation poses major threat". Deutsche-Welle. 3 May 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2025.
  15. ^ "Canada drops four spots on the World Press Freedom Index". BBC News. 26 April 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2025.
  16. ^ "'Era of propaganda': press freedom in decline, says Reporters Without Borders". Agence France-Presse. 20 April 2016. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 21 August 2025 – via The Guardian.
  17. ^ "RSF World Press Freedom Index 2025: economic fragility a leading threat to press freedom | RSF". rsf.org. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
  18. ^ "Index 2024 – Global score". Reporters Without Borders. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
  19. ^ "Index 2023 – Global score". Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 10 May 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  20. ^ "Index 2022 – Global score". Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  21. ^ "Index 2021 – Global score". Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  22. ^ "Index 2020 – Global score". Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  23. ^ "Index 2019 – Global score". Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  24. ^ Martin, Justin D.; Abbas, Dalia; Martins, Ralph J. (2 January 2016). "The Validity of Global Press Ratings: Freedom House and Reporters Sans Frontières, 2002–2014". Journalism Practice. 10 (1): 93–108. doi:10.1080/17512786.2015.1010851. ISSN 1751-2786.
  25. ^ Schuinski, Rodrigo Menegat (30 April 2026). "World press freedom hits new low as authoritarianism rises". dw.com. Retrieved 1 May 2026.
[edit]